Will Lego Ever Do Kingdoms Again?

Attribute of history

The history of Lego began in 1932, when Ole Kirk Kristiansen founded the company in a Danish carpentry workshop, and continues into the 21st century as a popular and very profitable line of structure toys and related products and services (including Lego board games, retail stores, Lego video games, Lego films, Legoland theme parks, and Lego Serious Play consultant services), with a significant affect on various areas of popular culture. Despite its expansion, the company remains privately held.

Beginnings (1932–1959) [edit]

Hilary Fisher Page's Interlocking Building Cubes of 1939

The Lego Group began in the carpentry workshop of Ole Kirk Christiansen in Billund, Denmark. In 1916, Kristiansen purchased a woodworking shop in Billund, which had been in business organisation since 1895.^{[1] : 8} The store by and large helped construct houses and furniture and had a pocket-size staff of apprentices. The workshop burned downward in 1924 when a fire ignited some wood shavings.^[ii] Christiansen constructed a larger workshop and worked towards expanding his business organization even further. When the Great Depression hit, he had fewer customers and had to focus on smaller projects. He began producing miniature versions of his products as design aids. It was these miniature models of stepladders and ironing boards that inspired him to begin producing toys.^[3]

On 10 August 1932,^[four] Christiansen's shop started making wooden toys such as piggy banks, pull toys, cars and trucks, and houses. The business was not assisting because of the Great Low. Farmers in the area sometimes traded food in exchange for his toys; Christiansen continued producing practical furniture in addition to toys to stay in business. In the mid-1930s, the yo-yo toy fad gave him a brief period of increased activity until it suddenly collapsed. To reduce waste, he used the leftover yo-yo parts every bit wheels for toy trucks.^{[1] : 15} His son Gottfried began working for him, taking an active part in the company.^{[i] : 15}

In 1934, Christiansen held a competition amid his staff to name the company, offering a canteen of homemade wine as a prize.^{[1] : 17} Christiansen was considering ii names himself, "Legio" (with the implication of a "Legion of toys") and "Lego," a cocky-made contraction from the Danish phrase leg godt, meaning "play well." Later the Lego Group discovered that "Lego" could be loosely interpreted equally "I put together" or "I assemble" in Latin.^[5] Christiansen selected Lego, and the company began using it on their products.

Following World War 2, plastics became bachelor in Kingdom of denmark, and Lego purchased a plastic injection molding machine in 1947.^{[one] : 25} One of the first modular toys to be produced was a truck that could be taken apart and re-assembled. In 1947, Ole Kirk and Gottfried obtained samples of interlocking plastic bricks produced past the company Kiddicraft. Hilary Fisher Folio designed these "Kiddicraft Self-Locking Building Bricks."^{[6] [vii]} In 1939, Page had applied for a patent on hollow plastic cubes with four studs on tiptop (British Patent Nº.529,580) that immune their positioning atop ane another without lateral motility.^{[8] [9]} In 1944, Page applied an "Comeback to Toy Building Blocks" as an addition to the previous patent, in which he describes a building arrangement based on rectangular hollow blocks with 2X4 studs on top enabling the construction of walls with staggered rows and window openings. The addition was granted in 1947 equally British Patent Nº 587,206. In 1949, the Lego Grouping began producing similar bricks, calling them "Automatic Binding Bricks." Lego bricks, and then manufactured from cellulose acetate, were developed in the spirit of traditional wooden blocks that could be stacked upon one some other but could be "locked" together. They had several round "studs" on top, and a hollow rectangular bottom. They would stick together, but non and then tightly that they could not be pulled apart. In 1953, the bricks were given a new proper noun: Lego Mursten, or "Lego Bricks."

Plastic products initially were non well received by customers, who preferred wooden or metal toys. Many of Lego'south shipments were returned, following poor sales. In 1954, Gottfried Christiansen had get the junior managing director of the Lego Group. His conversation with an overseas buyer struck the idea of a toy "system," with many toys in a line of related products. He evaluated their available products, and saw the plastic bricks equally the all-time candidate for such a organisation. In 1955, Lego released the "Town Plan" as such a system, using the building bricks.

Lego imported from Switzerland to UK in 1957

The building bricks were moderately received but had some problems from a technical standpoint: their "locking" ability was limited, and they were not versatile. In 1958 the bricks were improved with hollow tubes in the underside of the brick.^[10] This modify added support in the base of operations, enabling much meliorate locking ability and enhanced versatility. The company patented the new design, as well equally several similar designs to avoid competition. Ole Kirk Christiansen died that same year, and Godtfred inherited the leadership of the company.^[11]

Change to plastic bricks (1960–1969) [edit]

Another warehouse fire struck the Lego Group in 1960, consuming almost of the visitor's inventory of wooden toys. Godtfred decided that the plastic line was strong enough to abandon the product of wooden toys. As a result, Godtfred'southward brothers Gerhardt (so caput of wooden toys) and Karl Georg left the Lego company and began a separate visitor called "Bilofix." By the stop of the yr, the Lego Group was employing more than 450 people.^[12]

In 1961, Lego wished to aggrandize sales to North America but did not have the logistical capabilities to do so. Lego made an arrangement allowing Samsonite to brainstorm producing and selling Lego products in the United states and Canada.

1961 and 1962 saw the introduction of the offset Lego wheels, an addition that expanded the potential for building cars, trucks, buses, and other vehicles from Lego bricks. As well, during this fourth dimension, the Lego Group introduced toys targeted explicitly towards the pre-schoolhouse market.

In 1964, cellulose acetate, the material used to create Lego bricks, was replaced by the more stable acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS plastic), which is nevertheless in use today. ABS is non-toxic, less decumbent to discoloration and warping, and is more resistant to estrus, acids, salt, and other chemicals. Samsonite manufacturing in North America did not switch at the same time, and still used some caste of cellulose acetate in its Lego products. 1964 was the offset year that saw the inclusion of instruction manuals in Lego sets.

One of the Lego Grouping'south most successful series,^{[ citation needed ]} the Lego train organization, was released in 1966. The original train sets included a 4.5-volt (which was changed to a 12-volt version ii years later) motor, battery box, and rails.

On 7 June 1968, the first Legoland Park was opened in Billund. This theme park featured elaborate models of miniature towns congenital entirely from Lego bricks. The 3-acre (12,000 thousand²) park attracted 625,000 visitors in its first year alone. During the next 20 years, the theme park grew to more than eight times its original size and eventually averaged shut to a 1000000 paying visitors per year. Sales of Lego sets reached more than eighteen meg units in 1968.

In 1969, the Duplo system went on sale. Duplo bricks are much larger than Lego bricks, making them safer for young children, but the two systems are uniform: Lego bricks can be fitted neatly onto Duplo bricks, allowing a seamless transition to the Lego system as children outgrow their Duplo bricks. The name Duplo comes from the Latin word duplus, which translates literally equally double, significant that a Duplo brick is exactly twice the dimension of a Lego building brick (2× top by ii× width by 2× depth = eight× the volume of a brick).

Expansion (1970–1991) [edit]

During the concluding 3 decades of the 20th century, Lego expanded into new areas of toy making and marketing. In 1971, Lego began to target girls by introducing furniture pieces and dollhouses. In 1972, Lego added boat and ship sets, with floating hull pieces and Godtfred Kirk Christiansen's son, Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen, joined the managerial staff, after earning business degrees in Switzerland and Denmark. 1 of Kjeld'southward first achievements with the company was the foundation of manufacturing facilities, besides every bit a research and development section that would be responsible for keeping the visitor's manufacturing methods up to date. Homo figures with posable arms made an appearance in 1974 in "Lego family unit" sets, which went on to get the biggest sellers at the time; the next year, an early version of the "minifigure" miniature Lego person was introduced, but information technology was not posable and had no face printed on its head. The visitor opened its get-go North American Lego production facility in Enfield, Connecticut, in the Us that same year.

In 1975, "Expert Series" sets were introduced, geared towards older, more experienced Lego builders followed by the "Skillful Builder" sets in 1977. The technical sets featured moving parts such every bit gears, differentials, cogs, levers, axles, and universal joints and permitted the construction of realistic models such as automobiles, with functional rack and pinion steering and lifelike engine movements. In 1978 the Lego "minifigure" was added. These small Lego people accept posable arms and legs, and a smile. The figure was used in many varieties of Lego sets, allowing structure of towns populated with the smiling minifigure Lego citizens. Lego also expanded into space with the creation of Lego Infinite sets with astronaut minifigures, rockets, lunar rovers, and spaceships, and in the medieval territory with the Castle theme.

In 1979, Lego introduced the Scala series, featuring jewelry elements marketed towards young girls. Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen also became the president of Lego that year.

Since the 1960s, educators had seen Lego bricks' productive potential as being an invaluable asset in helping children to develop creativity and problem-solving abilities. Teachers had been using Lego bricks in the classroom for a variety of reasons. In 1980, the Lego Group established the Educational Products Department (eventually renamed Lego Dacta, in 1989), to expand the educational possibilities of their toys. A packing and assembly factory opened in Switzerland, followed past another in Jutland, Kingdom of denmark, that manufactured Lego tyres.

Between the 1960s and '90s, Lego worked with Purple Dutch Shell in allowing Shell branding on certain items.^[13]

In 1981, the second generation of Lego trains appeared. Every bit before, these were available in either 4.v V (battery-powered) or 12 5 (mains powered), just with a much wider variety of accessories, including working lights, remote-controlled points and signals, and decouplers.

The "Expert Builder" series matured in 1982, becoming the "Technic" series. 13th August of that year marked the Lego Group's 50th anniversary; the book l Years of Play was published to commemorate the occasion. In the following year, the Duplo arrangement was expanded to include sets for even younger audiences, particularly infants; new sets included baby rattles and figures with movable limbs. The yr after, Lego minifigure citizens gained a realm of knights and horses, with a redesign of the Castle theme. Light & Sound sets fabricated their appearance in 1985; these sets included a battery pack with electrical lights, buzzers, and other accessories to add another dimension of realism to Lego creations. As well that year, the Lego Grouping's educational partitioning produced the Technic Computer Control, which was an educational system whereby Technic robots, trucks, and other motorized models could be controlled with a calculator. Manaus, Brazil gained a Lego manufactory in this year, besides.

In 1984, the Technic line was expanded with the addition of pneumatic components.

This Lego model of a composite of London, including a motorized model of a London Hugger-mugger train controlled by computers, can be seen in Legoland Windsor.

In August 1988, 38 children from 17 countries took part in the first Lego Globe Cup building competition, held in Billund. That same twelvemonth, Lego Canada was established. The Lego line grew once again in 1989 with the release of the Lego Pirates theme, which featured a variety of pirate ships, deserted islands, and treasure. The Lego Group's Educational Products Department was renamed Lego Dakta in this year; the name comes from the Greek word "didactic," which roughly means "the study of the learning process." MIT's Dr. Seymour Papert, from the Laboratory of Reckoner Learning, was named "Lego Professor of Learning Enquiry," subsequently his ongoing piece of work in linking the Logo programming linguistic communication with Lego products.

Until 1989, Lego minifigures but came in yellow-pare color with a standard smiling face, though early prototypes had a variety of skin colours and facial expressions. That twelvemonth the Lego Grouping expanded the array of facial expressions (adding them around the standard confront of ii eyes and smile), with beards and eye patches, sunglasses, lipstick, and eyelashes, by and large for the minifigures in the newly launched Lego Pirates theme, and occasionally Lego Castle, Lego City, and Lego Space. Some older collectors resented the new facial expressions, maxim they looked also "cartoon-ish" or "kiddy," and preferred the simplistic nature of the ii eyes and grin. Especially for Lego Pirates, these more complicated faces, in combination with the torso, headgear (either a helmet or pilus), and accessories, allowed for the creation of specific characters and an accompanying backstory.

In 1990, Lego released a new series designed for advanced builders. Iii Model Team sets, including a race auto and an off-road vehicle, featured a level of particular and realism not previously seen in any Lego series. Where Technic was mechanically authentic, Model Team was visually and stylistically accurate. The Lego Group became one of the top 10 toy companies that year; it was the but toy visitor in Europe to be among the meridian 10. Too that year, Legoland Billund reached more than one million visitors for the kickoff time in its history. The get-go-e'er "Lego Professor of Business Dynamics," Xavier Gilbert, was appointed to an endowed chair at the International Found for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland. Lego Malaysia was also established in 1990. In 1991, the Lego Group standardized its electrical components and systems; the Trains and Technic motors were made 9V to bring the systems into line with the rest of the Lego range.

In 1992, ii Guinness records were set up using Lego products: A castle made from 400,000 Lego bricks, and measuring 4.45 meters by 5.22 meters, was built on Swedish television, and a 545 meters long Lego railway line with three locomotives was constructed. Duplo was augmented with the add-on of the Toolo line featuring a screwdriver, wrench, nuts, and bolts; the Paradisa line, targeted towards girls, brought a variety of new pastel colours into the Lego system and focused around horses and a beach theme. In 1993 a Duplo train and a parrot-shaped "brickvac" that could scoop Lego pieces up off the flooring were released.

A model of St Paul'due south Cathedral in London can be seen in Legoland Windsor. It is made of thousands of Lego bricks. The rotating model of the London Centre in the background is likewise made of Lego bricks.

In the belatedly 1990s, the Lego Group brought out a series of new and specialized ranges aimed at item demographics. The Slizers/Throwbots line preceded the Bionicle range and uses Technic pieces and specialist moldings to create a set of action figures for boys, while Belville is a more conventional line aimed at girls and featuring large posable figures like those in the Technic range. A "Lego 4 Juniors" group features 2-inch (51 mm) tall medium-sized figures ("medi-figure") without jointed arms, and longer legs than the classic Lego minifigure. In 2003, the Lego Group introduced a completely new system, Clikits, aimed at girls and consisting of customizable plastic jewellery and accessories. In 2004, Lego added the QUATRO brick, for ages i–three. Much like Duplo, a Quatro brick is iv times the dimension of a regular Lego brick and is compatible with the Duplo brick. Too that year, they created the 2d line of Knights Kingdom themed product.

Turn down (1992–2004) [edit]

Lego'south profits had declined since 1992. Around 1995 or 1996, according to designer Marker Stafford, the Lego Group retired many LEGO Designers who had created the sets from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, replacing them with 30 'innovators' who graduated from the European pattern colleges around Europe who knew "little specifically most toy design and less about LEGO edifice". At the time, sets could take over a year to progress from the pattern phase to store shelves. Past 1997, there was a resultant change in the blueprint direction of products, every bit set details were sacrificed for decreased building times (with fewer pieces) and increased playability features, but this shift drew mixed reception from hardcore Lego fans used to the meticulous construction required of "classic era" sets of the 1980s to mid-1990s. Lego Pirates, which had a strong run since its launch in 1989, was promptly killed off, with 1997 being its final year of production.^{[fourteen] [15]}

This modify in design teams but served to advance the company'due south pass up. In 1998, Lego posted its offset-ever loss, at £23 million.^[16] In the aforementioned year, the visitor laid off one,000 employees.^[17]

In 1999, the first Lego products featuring licensed intellectual belongings, i.e., not designed in-firm, were Lego Star Wars and Winnie the Pooh Duplo, followed in 2000 by Lego Harry Potter characters to figures from Steven Spielberg movies.^[18] Soren Holm, the head of Lego Concept Lab, said toy weapons had always been heavily debated, only that since the Lego Star Wars release, Lego has grown "more than comfortable with conflict."^[18] Mr. Laursen, executive North American operations suggested to brand "violence not explicit, but humoristic."^[18] Licensed properties did provide a short-term boost to profits during the release of blockbuster movies, notwithstanding sales would taper off after public excitement died downward. Furthermore the added cost of the license resulted in such sets being more expensive which alienated long-time fans, who also bemoaned the failing quality and reduced availability of comparable sets not based on licensing.^{[14] [15]}

After 1999, many in-firm characters were strongly characterised with media utilisation and non-Lego System merchandising, most notably Bionicle from 2001–2010 and so once more in 2016. In 2002, Duplo was merged with Lego Baby into the new characterization Lego Explore.

In 2003, following the inclusion of Lando Calrissian in a Star Wars fix, likewise as the Basketball theme featuring the likenesses of actual players, it was decided that minifigs based on real persons and live-activity franchises would have natural pare-tones.

In 2004, Lego posted a loss of £174 million, with the executive vice-president of marketing Mads Nipper later describing the company as having been "almost bankrupt" at this bespeak.^[16] He analysed in retrospect that "we connected to invest as if the company were growing strongly. We failed to realise that we were on a slippery path… Children were getting less and less fourth dimension to play. Some of the western markets had fewer and fewer children. And so play trends changed, and we failed to change. We were non making toys that were sufficiently interesting to children. We failed to innovate plenty. And nosotros had nowhere cut deep plenty to right-size the company".^[16]

In 2004, Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen resigned as CEO and appointed Jørgen Vig Knudstorp, the first non-family unit CEO. The company sold the four Legoland parks to theme-park operators Merlin Entertainments, and manufacturing, 80% of which had been outsourced, was returned to Lego's control.^[16]

Recovery (2005–present) [edit]

A presenter at Bricks Cascade, a Lego convention in Portland, Oregon, in March 2018.

The company focused on its core products and reintroduced the Duplo label in belatedly 2004. Since 2004, manufacturing had been moved to United mexican states and distribution relocated from Billund to the Czech Republic.^[eighteen] By 2007 a global workforce of 9,100 in 1998 was reduced to four,200 due to outsourcing.^[16] In the U.s. alone, Lego sales increased 32 percent because of Star Wars and Indiana Jones-themed games, while globally 2008 sales increased 18.seven per centum.^[18] Mr. Laursen, Lego executive of N American operations, said in 2009 that licenses played a more prominent role in the American market place than overseas. About threescore percent of Lego's American sales were estimated to be linked to licenses, twice that of 2004.^[18] Laursen stated in 2009 that Lego was "definitely more commercially oriented".^[xviii] In 2009, both Lego Games (board games) and Lego Ability Miners were introduced, along with the concept for Lego Ninjago. Despite the Peachy Recession, profits for 2009 were £99.5 million, with Mads Nipper, Lego executive vice-president of marketing, stating to be "delivering twice the return on sales of whatsoever competitor."^[16]

In 2011, Lego launched a new theme called Lego Ninjago, which became a popular theme worldwide, and resumed a long-term contract with Royal Dutch Shell, subsequently using its logo on products from the 1960s through to the 1990s. Greenpeace criticized this co-branding in 2014.^[13]

In 2012, an animated short film titled The Lego Story made past Danish studio Lani Pixels for the 80th anniversary of Lego, depicted the struggles of Ole Kirk Christiansen and his son Godtfred Kirk Christiansen from 1932–1968, as they worked to make the company successful.^[19]

In 2014, Warner Bros and The Lego Group released The Lego Moving picture, a reckoner-animated gamble comedy picture show telling the story of an ordinary Lego Minifigure construction worker named Emmet Brickowski prophesied to save the world. Information technology received one of the highest recorded openings for an original blithe movie,^[xx] and the Los Angeles Times noted "almost unanimous positive reviews" for the film.^[21]

In 2015, the Lego firm sparked controversy when it refused a bulk gild to Chinese creative person Ai Weiwei, who is openly critical of the Chinese Communist government. Ai had previously used Lego bricks to build portraits of earth political activists. Lego said it would not sell directly to users with "political intentions." An opinion piece in the Communist Party mouthpiece Global Times praised Lego for its "good business sense" while the determination drew condemnation online. Lego fans offered to donate Lego bricks to Ai Weiwei instead.^[22]

In 2017, Warner Bros, DC Entertainment, and The Lego Group released The Lego Batman Movie as a spinoff based on one of the lead characters of Lego's starting time animated movie.^[23] Lego has since released another animated film based on ane of its toy lines, Ninjago, entitled The Lego Ninjago Motion-picture show in 2017.^[24]

In the first half of 2017, Lego saw its offset revenue decline in 13 years, announcing plans in September 2017 to cut 1,400 jobs.^[25]

In February 2019, a sequel to The Lego Motion-picture show was produced by Warner Animation Group and released by Warner Bros., titled The Lego Movie two: The Second Part. Many of the voice actors from the first motion picture reprised their characters for the sequel, but it underperformed in ticket sales compared to its predecessors.

On 25 November 2019, The Lego Group appear the acquisition of Bricklink, the world's largest Lego fan customs, from Nexon for an unknown cost, which is expected to finish before the end of 2019.^[26]

In November 2020, Lego appear its largest set up to engagement: a replica of the Colosseum in Rome containing 9,036 pieces. The set overtakes the previous record holder, the Millennium Falcon from the Star Wars franchise.^[27]

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Willy Horn Hansen (1982). l Years of Play. The Lego Group.
2. ^ Wiencek 1987, p. 37.
3. ^ Wiencek 1987, p. 39.
4. ^ "Celebrating 80 Years of LEGO | Smart News | Smithsonian Mag".
5. ^ "About Us – TimeLine 1932–1939". LEGO.com. Archived from the original on 24 Oct 2010.
6. ^ Jim Hughes (northward.d.). "Brick Fetish". Jim Hughes. Retrieved 13 Feb 2013.
7. ^ "A History of Hilary 'Harry' Fisher Page, his life's work and Kiddicraft". Chas Saunter & hilarypagetoys.com. 13 July 2008. Retrieved thirteen February 2013.
8. ^ Jim Hughes (ane March 2005). "The Automated Binding Brick". Cincinnati: Jim Hughes &Isodomos.com. Archived from the original on 10 Feb 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
9. ^ "photo of Page's Automated Bounden Brick". Chas Saunter & hilarypagetoys.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
10. ^ "Toy edifice brick US 3005282 A".
11. ^ Leo Cendrowicz (28 January 2008). "Lego Celebrates l Years of Building". Time. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
12. ^ "Lego Toys". Monday, 21 September 2020
13. ^ ^{a b} Katie, Collins (8 July 2014). "Greenpeace is right, Vanquish-branded Lego is ill-judged". wired.practise.uk. Conde Nast. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
14. ^ ^{a b} Feloni, Richard. "How Lego Came Back From The Brink Of Bankruptcy". Business Insider . Retrieved 8 February 2021.
15. ^ ^{a b} "How Lego clicked: the brand that reinvented itself | Johnny Davis". the Guardian. iv June 2017. Retrieved eight February 2021.
16. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Craig McLean (17 December 2009). "Lego: play it again". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
17. ^ "Brick by Brick: The Lego Story". Wisconsin Public Radio. 25 December 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
18. ^ ^{a b c d e f thou} Schwartz, Nelson D. (v September 2009). "Turning to Tie-Ins, Lego Thinks Beyond the Brick". The New York Times.
19. ^ Trangbæk, Roar Rude. "Video: LEGO Group turns lxxx: "The LEGO story" - Nigh Us LEGO.com".
20. ^ "Weekend Report: Everything Is Awesome For 'The Lego Movie'". Box Role Mojo . Retrieved 10 February 2014.
21. ^ Gettell, Oliver (7 February 2014). "'Lego Motion-picture show' a colorful, outside-the-box take a chance, reviews say". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 7 Feb 2014.
22. ^ "Chinese dissident artist Ai Weiwei to build Lego donation network after bulk lodge refused". Hong Kong Free Press. Agence French republic-Presse. 26 Oct 2015.
23. ^ "'Lego Batman' Spinoff Movie in the Works at Warner Bros. (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved eleven June 2017.
24. ^ The LEGO Ninjago Movie (2017) , retrieved xi June 2017
25. ^ Chaudhuri, Saabira (5 September 2017). "Lego Hits Brick Wall With Sales, Sheds viii% of Global Workforce". Wall Street Journal. New York Urban center, New York, United States. Retrieved v September 2017.
26. ^ "The Lego Group acquires bricklink, the world'south largest online LEGO® fan community, and market to strengthen ties with adult fans". 25 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
27. ^ Kim, Allen (27 November 2020). "Lego rolls out Colosseum, a model of the Roman amphitheater with over 9,000 pieces". CNN Business. Retrieved fourteen Apr 2021.

Works cited [edit]

• Wiencek, Henry (1987). The Globe of LEGO Toys. New York: Harry Due north. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. ISBN0-8109-2362-9.

External links [edit]

• Mortensen, Tine Froberg (ix January 2012). "LEGO History Timeline". Lego.com. The Lego Group. Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved eight July 2014.

• Lego City

morenohenect.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lego

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